Modern Amsterdam

The 1960s–70s: Rebellion and Freedom

In the 1960s, Amsterdam became the epicenter of European counterculture. The Provo movement (1965–67) was an anarchistic group that provoked authorities with absurd humor and nonviolent actions — they placed white bicycles around the city (which anyone could use for free, a precursor to bike-sharing systems!). The Kraker movement (squatters) of the 1970s–80s transformed vacant buildings into cultural centers and shaped entire neighborhoods.

Coffee Shops & Tolerance

In 1976, the Netherlands introduced the Gedoogbeleid (tolerance policy): The possession and sale of small amounts of cannabis (up to 5g) in licensed Coffee Shops is tolerated, although cannabis technically remains illegal. Amsterdam became the stronghold of coffee shop culture. Today, there are still about 160 Coffee Shops in the city (the number is decreasing — the city is actively reducing).

Amsterdam Today

Amsterdam grapples with the shadows of its success: Overtourism (over 20 million visitors per year), rising rents, gentrification, and the question of how to maintain its legendary tolerance without sacrificing the quality of life for its residents. The city has taken measures: banning new souvenir shops in the center, limiting Airbnb rentals (maximum 30 nights/year), and discussing the relocation of the Red Light District. Amsterdam is in a constant tension between freedom and order — and that's exactly what makes the city so fascinating.