Vincent van Gogh
Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890) is arguably the most famous Dutchman of all time — and one of the most tragic figures in art history. Born in Zundert (Noord-Brabant), he failed as an art dealer and preacher, and only began painting at the age of 27. In just 10 years, he created over 2,100 works — and sold only one painting during his lifetime.
Van Gogh's work went through dramatic phases: From the dark, earthy peasant scenes in the Netherlands (The Potato Eaters) through the impressionistic phase in Paris (with bright colors) to the feverish, visionary works in Arles and Saint-Rémy (Starry Night, Sunflowers, Irises). His unique brushstroke — swirling, impasto applications of color full of energy — influenced the entire Expressionism movement.
The tragic story — the ear episode, the mental illness, the suicide at 37 — makes Van Gogh the quintessential romantic artist figure. The Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam (see Amsterdam chapter) tells his story through the world's largest collection.
