Hagia Sophia — The Wonder of the World
The Hagia Sophia (Ayasofya) is not just a building — it is a monument of human history. Built in 537 AD under Emperor Justinian I, it was the largest church in Christendom for almost 1,000 years, then a mosque for 500 years, then a museum, and since 2020 a mosque again. The sheer size of the dome — 31 meters in diameter, 56 meters high — was unmatched for centuries and inspired all Ottoman architecture.
What to Expect
Upon entering, it takes your breath away: The dome seems to float, supported by 40 arched windows that cast streams of light into the space. On the walls: Byzantine gold mosaics (Christ, the Virgin Mary, emperors and empresses) alongside Islamic calligraphy medallions (the names of Allah, Muhammad, and the first caliphs). This coexistence of two religions in one space is unique worldwide.
- The Deesis Mosaic: The most significant Byzantine artwork — Christ between the Virgin Mary and John the Baptist. On the upper gallery.
- The Weeping Column: A copper column with a hole where you stick your thumb and make a wish. The moisture comes from groundwater — legend says it has healing powers.
- The Islamic Calligraphies: The eight massive round shields with Arabic calligraphy were installed in the 19th century and are the largest of their kind in the Islamic world.
💡 Tipp
Since 2020, the Hagia Sophia has been an active mosque again. For non-worshippers, the entrance fee is €25 (tourist ticket). Women must cover their hair (scarves are distributed at the entrance). Shoes off. No tourist access during the five daily prayer times — check prayer times in advance. Early morning (8–9 AM) or late afternoon is the quietest.