Pyramids of Giza

The Pyramids of Giza are the last remaining of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World — and the only one you can still see with your own eyes. The three main pyramids (Cheops, Chephren, Mykerinos) stand on the western outskirts of Cairo on the Giza Plateau, along with the Great Sphinx and several smaller subsidiary pyramids and burial fields.

The Great Pyramid (Cheops Pyramid)

Built around 2560 BC for Pharaoh Cheops (Khufu). Originally 146.6 m high (now 138.7 m due to the missing capstone), it consists of an estimated 2.3 million stone blocks with an average weight of 2.5 tons. It was the tallest structure in the world for over 3,800 years. How it was built remains a subject of scientific debate to this day.

You can enter the interior of the Cheops Pyramid — a narrow, low passage leads to the King's Chamber with the empty granite sarcophagus. It is stuffy, cramped, and claustrophobic, but a unique experience. Extra ticket required (400 LE, limited number per day — arrive early!).

Chephren Pyramid

The second-largest pyramid (136 m) often appears larger than the Cheops Pyramid due to its elevated position on the plateau. A portion of the original white limestone casing is still preserved at the top — a hint of how dazzlingly white the pyramids must have looked.

The Great Sphinx

The Sphinx (73 m long, 20 m high) has been guarding the plateau for over 4,500 years. The lion's body with a human head (presumably representing Pharaoh Chephren) is carved from a single limestone rock. The missing nose is NOT due to Napoleon — it was likely knocked off by a religious zealot in the 14th century.

Practical Tips for Visiting

• Arrival: Be at the entrance by 7:00 AM (opening). The large tour groups arrive from 9:00 AM — between 7 and 9, you'll have the pyramids almost to yourself.
• Best Photo Spot: The Panorama Point (Viewpoint) on the backside of the plateau, about 2 km from the main entrance. From here, you can see all three pyramids in a row. Accessible by foot, camel, or electric bus.
• Camels and Horses: The camel and horse owners on the plateau are notorious for aggressive sales tactics and inflated prices. If you want to ride: Negotiate the price BEFOREHAND (150–300 LE for 30 min. is fair), set the duration precisely, and pay NOTHING until the tour is over.
• Sound & Light Show: Every evening, a sound and light show takes place at the pyramids (from 6:30 or 7:30 PM depending on the season). 350 LE. Touristy, but atmospheric — the illuminated pyramids at night are an experience.