What are Levadas?
Levadas (from "levar," Portuguese for "to carry") are open irrigation channels that have been transporting the rainwater from Madeira's rainy north side to the drier south side since the 16th century. Over 2,500 kilometers of these narrow water channels crisscross the entire island — from the mist-shrouded mountain peaks through dense laurel forests, over dizzying slopes, and through tunnels carved into the rock down to the banana plantations and sugarcane fields on the coast.
The genius: Along most Levadas run narrow maintenance paths, originally built for the Levadeiros (canal keepers) and now serving as unique hiking trails. The paths are relatively flat (the Levadas have a consistent gradient of only 1–2%), allowing you to hike for hours at a constant level through the landscape — without the steep ascents and descents that mountain hikes typically entail.
Practical Tips for Levada Hikes
- Shoes: Sturdy, non-slip hiking boots or trail-running shoes. The paths along the Levadas are often wet, muddy, and moss-covered — flip-flops are a recipe for disaster.
- Flashlight / Headlamp: Essential for Levadas with tunnels (Caldeirão Verde, 25 Fontes). Some tunnels are 50–200 meters long, pitch dark, and low — a headlamp frees up your hands.
- Rain Gear: In the mountains and the north, it can rain at any time, even when it's sunny in Funchal. A light rain cover should always be in your backpack.
- Fear of Heights: Some Levadas run along steep slopes, sometimes with narrow paths and no railings. Those who suffer from a fear of heights should inform themselves about the route beforehand.
- Water & Snacks: At least 1 liter of water per person, plus snacks. There are no refreshment options along the way.
